In December 2005, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) issued a report, entitled "DEFENSE ACQUISITIONS: DoD Has Paid Billions in Award and Incentive Fees Regardless of Acquisition Outcomes"( http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0666.pdf ), which made a number of recommendations on how to improve the use of award fees. Since the publication of this report, the push when using Cost Type contracts had been to stay away from CPAF and CPFF contracts in favor of CPIF. The goal being to link fee to performance outcomes.